Thursday, 13 February 2025

Asteroid 2013 TV135 and the 2032 Impact Scare: What NASA Says

 In October 2013, astronomers discovered an asteroid designated 2013 TV135, approximately 450 meters in diameter. Initial observations suggested a potential, albeit minimal, risk of this asteroid impacting Earth in 2032. However, subsequent analyses have significantly reduced this likelihood, and current assessments indicate that 2013 TV135 poses no significant threat to our planet.

Discovery and Initial Assessments

2013 TV135 was first observed on October 12, 2013, by Ukrainian astronomer Gennadiy Borisov. Preliminary calculations estimated a 1 in 63,000 chance of the asteroid impacting Earth on August 26, 2032, leading to a Torino Scale rating of 1, indicating a routine discovery with a slight chance of collision requiring careful monitoring.

Refined Calculations and Risk Downgrade

As astronomers gathered more data and extended the observation arc, the impact probability was reassessed. By November 2013, NASA had downgraded the risk, estimating the chance of impact to be 1 in 345,000. Further observations led to the removal of 2013 TV135 from the Sentry Risk Table on November 8, 2013, confirming that it posed no significant threat to Earth.


Current Understanding

As of February 2025, 2013 TV135 is not considered a threat to Earth. Continuous monitoring and advancements in asteroid tracking have provided a clearer understanding of its orbit, ensuring that any potential risks are identified and mitigated well in advance.

NASA's Ongoing Efforts in Planetary Defense

NASA's Sentry system is a highly automated collision monitoring program that continually scans the most current asteroid catalog for possibilities of future impact with Earth over the next 100 years. This system ensures that potential threats are detected early, allowing for timely and effective responses.


In addition to monitoring, NASA has been developing technologies to mitigate potential asteroid impacts. For instance, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission successfully demonstrated the ability to alter an asteroid's trajectory, showcasing the potential to prevent future collisions with Earth.

Conclusion

While the discovery of asteroids like 2013 TV135 initially raises concerns about potential impacts, continuous monitoring, refined calculations, and advancements in planetary defense strategies have significantly reduced the risks. NASA and the global astronomical community remain vigilant, ensuring that any potential threats are identified and addressed promptly to safeguard our planet.

Monday, 10 February 2025

Indian Stock Market Today: Sensex and Nifty Slide Amid Global Trade Concerns

 On Monday, February 10, 2025, the Indian stock market experienced a notable downturn, influenced by global trade tensions and domestic economic factors.

Market Performance

The benchmark indices closed in the red, with the BSE Sensex declining by 548.39 points (0.70%) to settle at 77,311.80, and the Nifty 50 dropping 178.35 points (0.75%) to end at 23,381.60.


Sectoral Impact

  • Metals: The metals sector was significantly affected, with the Nifty Metal index falling by 3%. Major players like Tata Steel and JSW Steel saw their shares decline by approximately 4% each.


  • Information Technology: Tech Mahindra stood out by registering a gain of 0.41%, closing at ₹1,698.60, outperforming peers such as Infosys and Tata Consultancy Services.


  • Automobiles: Maruti Suzuki India faced a decline of 1.13%, closing at ₹12,899.10, underperforming in the auto sector.


  • Banking: The State Bank of India (SBI) experienced a marginal decline of 0.03%, closing at ₹736.85, yet it outperformed some of its banking counterparts.


Currency Market

The Indian rupee weakened to an all-time low of 87.95 against the U.S. dollar, closing at 87.4750. This decline was attributed to concerns over new U.S. tariffs and persistent foreign portfolio outflows.


Key Influencing Factors

The market downturn was primarily driven by global trade uncertainties following the U.S. administration's announcement of new 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports. Additionally, domestic factors such as disappointing third-quarter earnings and reduced investor confidence contributed to the decline.


Looking Ahead

Investors are advised to monitor global trade developments and domestic economic indicators closely. Staying informed and adopting a cautious approach will be essential in navigating the current market volatility.

Saturday, 8 February 2025

Delhi Assembly Election 2025: A Landmark Victory and the Role of the Election Commission of India

 

Introduction

The Delhi Assembly Election 2025 has been a turning point in the political landscape of India's capital. With the results declared on February 8, 2025, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) secured a decisive majority, marking its first victory in Delhi’s legislative assembly since 1998. The election process, managed by the Election Commission of India (ECI), was conducted with efficiency, ensuring a free, fair, and transparent democratic exercise.

Election Results and Political Shift

The election witnessed an intense contest between major political parties, with the following key results:

  • BJP secured 48 out of 70 seats, gaining a majority in the Delhi Legislative Assembly.

  • Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), which previously dominated the capital’s politics, won 22 seats, a significant decline from its past performances.

  • Indian National Congress (INC) and other smaller parties collectively won the remaining 0 seats.

A notable outcome was the defeat of key AAP leaders, including Arvind Kejriwal and Manish Sisodia, indicating a shift in public sentiment. This victory marks a resurgence of the BJP in Delhi after over two decades.

Role of the Election Commission of India in the 2025 Elections

The Election Commission of India (ECI), an autonomous constitutional authority, played a crucial role in ensuring a smooth electoral process. Here are some of the key contributions made by the ECI:

1. Announcing and Managing the Election Schedule

The ECI declared the election schedule well in advance, ensuring preparedness among political parties and voters. The polling took place on February 5, 2025, followed by the results declaration on February 8, 2025.

2. Implementation of the Model Code of Conduct (MCC)

To ensure fair play, the ECI enforced the Model Code of Conduct, preventing misuse of government resources, regulating political campaigns, and curbing hate speech or divisive politics.

3. Ensuring Free and Fair Elections

The ECI took several measures to uphold the integrity of the election process, including:

  • Deploying adequate security forces to prevent violence and electoral malpractices.

  • Introducing electronic voting machines (EVMs) with Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) to enhance voter confidence.

  • Monitoring election expenditure to prevent excessive or illegal funding in campaigns.

  • Setting up accessible polling stations to facilitate voting for differently-abled individuals and senior citizens.

4. Combating Misinformation and Fake News

Given the rise of social media influence, the ECI actively monitored and took action against misinformation campaigns to prevent misleading narratives that could sway public opinion unfairly.

Challenges and Key Takeaways

Despite the ECI's rigorous planning, several challenges emerged during the election process:

  • Voter Turnout: While the turnout was decent, urban voter apathy in some areas remains a concern.

  • Election Malpractices: Allegations of misinformation campaigns and electoral irregularities surfaced but were promptly addressed by the ECI.

  • Public Sentiment Shift: The results indicated a significant change in voter preferences, highlighting the dynamic nature of Delhi’s electorate.

Conclusion

The Delhi Assembly Election 2025 has reshaped the political dynamics of the capital, with the BJP securing a landmark victory. The Election Commission of India played an instrumental role in conducting the elections efficiently, ensuring transparency and upholding democratic values. As India continues to strengthen its electoral process, the ECI’s contributions remain pivotal in maintaining free and fair elections.

Keywords:

  • Delhi Assembly Election 2025 Results

  • BJP Victory in Delhi

  • Role of Election Commission in India

  • Free and Fair Elections India

  • Election Transparency in India

  • Delhi Election Political Analysis

  • Indian Democracy and Elections

The Rise of India’s EV Charging Network: A Revolution in Sustainable Mobility

 

The Rise of India’s EV Charging Network: A Revolution in Sustainable Mobility

Introduction

India is at the forefront of an electric vehicle (EV) revolution, driven by the need for sustainable mobility and reduced dependence on fossil fuels. The expansion of EV charging infrastructure is a critical factor in this transition. With ambitious government policies, private sector investments, and rapid technological advancements, India's EV charging network is growing at an unprecedented rate. This blog explores the factors propelling this revolution and what it means for the future of transportation in the country.

The Growing Need for EV Charging Infrastructure in India

The surge in electric vehicle adoption in India demands a robust and widespread charging network. Key factors driving this need include:

  • Government Push for EVs: The Indian government aims to have 30% of all vehicles electric by 2030, under the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme.

  • Environmental Concerns: Rising air pollution levels and climate change concerns have accelerated the transition to clean energy mobility solutions.

  • Economic Benefits: EVs offer lower operating costs compared to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, making them an attractive alternative for consumers and businesses.

Government Initiatives Boosting EV Charging Infrastructure

The Indian government has implemented several initiatives to strengthen EV charging infrastructure:

  • FAME India Scheme: The FAME-II policy provides subsidies for EV adoption and financial support for charging station development.

  • Battery Swapping Policy: This allows EV users to replace drained batteries with fully charged ones, reducing charging time significantly.

  • Tax Incentives and Subsidies: The government provides tax benefits and financial incentives to companies investing in charging station deployment.

  • State-Level Policies: Various states have introduced their own EV policies, offering additional incentives and regulatory support for charging infrastructure development.

Private Sector and Startup Innovations

The private sector is playing a crucial role in expanding India's EV charging network. Major companies and startups are investing heavily in innovative solutions:

  • Tata Power, Reliance, and BPCL: These companies are setting up fast-charging stations across highways and urban areas.

  • Startup Ecosystem: Indian startups like Ather Energy, ChargePoint, and Statiq are pioneering advanced charging solutions, including AI-driven smart charging and mobile charging stations.

  • Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborations between the government and private players are accelerating the establishment of charging hubs in key locations.

Challenges in EV Charging Infrastructure Development

Despite the progress, several challenges need to be addressed:

  • Grid Capacity and Energy Demand: The rise in EV charging stations increases electricity demand, requiring upgrades to the power grid.

  • High Initial Investment: Setting up charging stations requires significant capital, and ROI remains a concern for private investors.

  • Standardization Issues: The lack of universal charging standards makes interoperability a challenge for EV users.

  • Land Acquisition for Charging Stations: Acquiring suitable land in urban and highway locations remains a hurdle.

Future Prospects: What Lies Ahead?

The future of India's EV charging infrastructure looks promising, with several key trends shaping the industry:

  • Ultra-Fast Charging Technology: Companies are working on high-power chargers that reduce charging time to minutes instead of hours.

  • Renewable Energy Integration: Solar-powered charging stations are gaining popularity, reducing dependence on the grid.

  • Expansion of Charging Networks: Government and private sector plans to install thousands of charging points nationwide will drive widespread EV adoption.

  • Advancements in Battery Technology: Improved battery efficiency and range will complement the growth of charging infrastructure.

Conclusion

India’s electric vehicle charging network is evolving rapidly, paving the way for a sustainable transportation future. With strong government policies, technological innovations, and private sector participation, the country is set to become a global leader in e-mobility. While challenges persist, the momentum behind India's EV revolution ensures a cleaner, greener, and more efficient mobility landscape in the coming years.


More Topic if you want:

  • Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in India

  • EV Charging Stations in India

  • India's EV Revolution

  • Government EV Policies India

  • Future of Electric Vehicles in India

  • Sustainable Mobility in India

  • EV Startups in India

  • Fast Charging Technology for EVs

Friday, 7 February 2025

"RBI Cuts Repo Rate to 6.25%: First Rate Cut in 5 Years to Boost Growth"

 On February 7, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reduced the policy repo rate by 25 basis points, bringing it down from 6.5% to 6.25%. This marks the first rate cut in nearly five years, aiming to stimulate the slowing economy.


Key Highlights:

  • Reasoning Behind the Rate Cut: The decision was influenced by a decline in inflation rates, providing the RBI with the flexibility to support economic growth. Governor Sanjay Malhotra noted that inflation is expected to continue its downward trend from the 5.2% recorded in December.


  • Economic Context: India's GDP growth has decelerated to 5.4%, with projections indicating a 6.4% growth rate for the current fiscal year—the slowest in four years. Challenges such as high inflation, stagnant wages, and weak consumption have contributed to this slowdown.


  • Market Reactions: Following the rate cut, sectors sensitive to interest rates experienced gains. The Nifty 50 index rose by 0.35%, and the BSE Sensex increased by 0.28%. Financials, auto, real estate, and metals sectors all saw positive movements.


  • Bond Market Activity: In response to the rate cut, Indian state-run companies, including REC, IIFCL, HUDCO, and SIDBI, plan to raise nearly $2 billion through bond sales early next week. Despite the rate reduction, bond yields have risen due to the absence of additional liquidity measures from the RBI.


This rate cut signifies a shift in the RBI's monetary policy approach, balancing the need to control inflation with measures to bolster economic growth.

Current Affairs & General Knowledge (2025)

 

  1. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations?
    Answer: António Guterres

  2. Which country will host the 2026 FIFA World Cup?
    Answer: USA, Canada, and Mexico (jointly)

  3. What is the capital of Norway?
    Answer: Oslo

  4. Which Indian state is known as the "Land of Five Rivers"?
    Answer: Punjab

  1. Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2024?
    Answer: Han Kang, a South Korean author, was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.

Wednesday, 5 February 2025

United State SWF for TIKTOK Purchase

 In a significant policy development, President Donald Trump has signed an executive order establishing the United States' first sovereign wealth fund (SWF), with the potential acquisition of TikTok's U.S. operations as a notable initial investment.

Source:-nypost.com

Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds

Sovereign wealth funds are state-owned investment entities that manage a country's assets to achieve long-term financial objectives. Globally, nations like Norway, China, and several Middle Eastern countries have utilized SWFs to invest in a variety of assets, including stocks, bonds, real estate, and infrastructure projects. These funds often derive their capital from budgetary surpluses, natural resource revenues, or other governmental income streams.

Source:-hollywoodlife.com

The U.S. Sovereign Wealth Fund Initiative

The executive order mandates the creation of the U.S. SWF, with Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick tasked with its establishment within the next 12 months. The fund aims to monetize U.S. assets for public benefit, focusing on investments in infrastructure, manufacturing, and research. President Trump has suggested that the fund could become one of the world's largest, comparable to those of Norway and China.

Source:- nypost.com

TikTok Acquisition Proposal

A prominent aspect of this initiative is the potential acquisition of TikTok's U.S. operations. President Trump has indicated that incorporating TikTok into the SWF could serve multiple purposes:

  • Economic Strategy: By acquiring TikTok, the U.S. could avoid imposing a 10% tariff and address concerns related to fentanyl exports.


  • Data Security: Ownership of TikTok's U.S. operations would allow for greater control over data security and user privacy, addressing longstanding concerns about the platform's Chinese ownership.

  • Revenue Generation: TikTok's profitability could provide a steady revenue stream for the SWF, supporting further investments in national priorities.

Funding and Feasibility Considerations

Critics have raised concerns about the funding sources for the SWF, noting that the U.S. currently faces significant budget deficits and a growing national debt. Unlike countries with surplus funds to capitalize their SWFs, the U.S. may need to explore alternative funding mechanisms, such as monetizing existing assets or leveraging tariff revenues.


Comparative Insights: Australia's Future Fund

Australia's Future Fund offers a contrasting model of a successful SWF. Established in 2006 using proceeds from the sale of Telstra, it has grown significantly and is managed independently from government policy. The fund focuses on long-term investment strategies, balancing high returns with acceptable risk, and prioritizes national needs such as energy transition and infrastructure.


Conclusion

The proposal to establish a U.S. sovereign wealth fund and potentially acquire TikTok's U.S. operations represents a bold and unprecedented move in American economic policy. While it offers opportunities for strategic investments and revenue generation, it also presents challenges related to funding, governance, and implementation. As the plan develops, it will be crucial to address these concerns to ensure the fund's success and alignment with national interests.

Key Highlights of IBCA's Establishment

 The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) has officially been established as a treaty-based intergovernmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the world's seven major big cat species—tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, cheetahs, jaguars, and pumas.


  1. Formation & Headquarters

    • The IBCA was initially proposed by India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2019.
    • The formal launch took place in April 2023 to mark the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger in India.
    • The alliance is headquartered in India, which has played a leading role in global tiger conservation.

  2. Member Countries & Global Collaboration

    • So far, 27 countries have joined the IBCA as founding members.
    • The alliance also includes participation from global conservation organizations, national wildlife agencies, and NGOs working on big cat protection.

  3. Objectives & Focus Areas
    The IBCA aims to:

    • Strengthen efforts for the conservation of the seven big cat species.
    • Prevent illegal wildlife trade and poaching of big cats.
    • Enhance habitat protection and restore ecosystems.
    • Facilitate scientific research and data-sharing on big cat populations.
    • Encourage sustainable practices in human-wildlife conflict areas.

  4. Financial Commitment

    • India has committed Rs. 150 crore ($18 million USD) as a one-time budgetary support for the IBCA, covering a period of five years (2023-2028).
    • Additional funding will come from international partnerships, conservation grants, and member contributions.

  5. Significance of IBCA

    • The IBCA marks a historic step in wildlife conservation, as it is one of the first international alliances focusing exclusively on big cats.
    • Given the increasing threats like habitat destruction, climate change, and poaching, the IBCA provides a platform for joint conservation efforts across borders.
    • It builds upon India’s success with Project Tiger, which has helped in the recovery of tiger populations in the country.

Why is This Important?

  • Big cats play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance as apex predators.
  • Their populations are declining due to deforestation, human-wildlife conflicts, and illegal wildlife trade.
  • Global collaboration is necessary to ensure the survival of these majestic species.

The IBCA is expected to become a powerful force in global big cat conservation, driving policies, research, and action plans for their protection worldwide.

Latest GK Question Answer January 2025

 

  1. What significant financial operation did the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) conduct on February 1, 2025?

    • Answer: The RBI executed a dollar-rupee buy/sell swap transaction worth $5 billion to inject liquidity into the Indian financial system.

  2. Which country recently withdrew from China's Belt and Road Initiative?

    • Answer: Panama officially withdrew from China's Belt and Road Initiative, deciding not to renew the 2017 Memorandum of Understanding with China.

  3. What is Indian Railways' target under the 'Mission 3000' plan?

    • Answer: Indian Railways aims to achieve a cargo volume of 3,000 million tonnes by 2030 under the 'Mission 3000' initiative.

  4. Which Indian state recently conducted a comprehensive socio-economic survey revealing demographic structures?

    • Answer: Telangana conducted a socio-economic survey over 50 days, reaching over 35 million individuals, revealing vital information about the state's demographic structure.

  5. What recent seismic activity has raised concerns in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand?

    • Answer: A series of nine minor earthquakes occurred between January 24 and February 3, 2025, in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, prompting concerns among experts and residents.

  6. What recent advancement has been made in clean energy technology concerning hydrogen production?

    • Answer: Advancements in clean energy technology have highlighted the potential of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for hydrogen production, reducing reliance on precious metals like platinum.

  7. What recent development has occurred in UK-EU relations post-Brexit?

    • Answer: UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has been reshaping the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, with a recent visit to Brussels marking the first time a British prime minister has engaged with EU leaders post-Brexit.

  8. What recent environmental concern has been reported in Kolkata?

    • Answer: Over ten buildings in Kolkata have been reported to be tilting, highlighting issues in construction practices and urban planning.

  9. What is the 'National Critical Mineral Mission' recently approved by the Union Cabinet?

    • Answer: The 'National Critical Mineral Mission' (NCMM) aims to build a robust supply chain for critical minerals essential for sustainable economic growth and national security.

  10. Which ministry won the Best Tableau award in the 76th Republic Day Parade 2025?

    • Answer: The Ministry of Tribal Affairs won the Best Tableau award in the 76th Republic Day Parade 2025.

Recent General Knowledge Questions and Answers

 

  1. Which country hosted the 2024 Summer Olympics?

    • Answer: France (Paris).

  2. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2024?

    • Answer: The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the United Nations World Food Programme.

  3. Which company became the first to launch a commercial quantum computer in 2024?

    • Answer: IBM.

  4. Who won the 2024 FIFA World Cup?

    • Answer: Argentina.

  5. Which country is the largest producer of electric vehicles in 2024?

    • Answer: China.

  6. What is the latest Mars rover mission called?

    • Answer: Perseverance Rover.

  7. Which country achieved the highest GDP growth rate in 2024?

    • Answer: India.

  8. Who is the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?

    • Answer: Rishi Sunak.

  9. Which major tech company faced a significant data breach in early 2024?

    • Answer: Microsoft.

  10. What is the name of the new variant of COVID-19 that emerged in 2024?

    • Answer: Omicron XE.

  11. Which film won the Best Picture Oscar at the 2024 Academy Awards?

    • Answer: "The Fabelmans."

  12. Which country became the first to legalize cryptocurrency as legal tender in 2024?

    • Answer: El Salvador.

  13. Who is the new Secretary-General of the United Nations in 2024?

    • Answer: António Guterres.

  14. Which technology company launched the latest version of its smartphone with a foldable screen in 2024?

    • Answer: Samsung.

  15. Who is the author of the best-selling book "The Future of AI" released in 2024?

    • Answer: Dr. Amit Patel.

  16. Which Asian country saw significant anti-government protests in early 2024?

    • Answer: Myanmar.

  17. Which major city was hit by a significant earthquake in 2024?

    • Answer: Istanbul, Turkey.

  18. What major international trade agreement was signed in 2024?

    • Answer: The Global Trade Pact.

  19. Who won the 2024 Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket tournament?

    • Answer: Mumbai Indians.

  20. Which country launched the first manned mission to the Moon in 2024?

    • Answer: China.

Tuesday, 4 February 2025

10 Fascinating General Knowledge Facts That Will Surprise You

 Introduction:

Welcome to my blog! Today, I’m excited to share with you a collection of general knowledge facts that are sure to pique your curiosity. From quirky natural phenomena to historical tidbits, these facts are not only fun but also remind us how amazing and diverse our world really is.

1. Honey Never Spoils:
Archaeologists have discovered pots of honey in ancient Egyptian tombs that are over 3,000 years old—and still perfectly edible! Honey’s natural composition gives it an almost eternal shelf life.

2. Octopuses Have Three Hearts:
These fascinating sea creatures have not one, not two, but three hearts. Two pump blood to the gills, while the third circulates it throughout the rest of the body.

3. Bananas Are Berries (But Strawberries Aren’t):
Botanically speaking, bananas qualify as berries, while strawberries do not. It’s a fun reminder that our everyday foods can have surprising scientific classifications.

4. The Eiffel Tower Grows in Summer:
Due to the expansion of iron in the heat, the Eiffel Tower can be up to 15 centimeters taller during the summer months than in winter.

5. Turtles and Their Unusual Breathing:
Some turtles have the unique ability to absorb oxygen through their cloacal bursae—a process sometimes humorously referred to as “breathing through their butts.”

6. The World’s Shortest War:
The Anglo-Zanzibar War of 1896 is considered the shortest war in history, lasting only 38 minutes before Zanzibar surrendered.

7. A Day on Venus is Longer Than Its Year:
Venus rotates very slowly. In fact, a single day on Venus (one full rotation on its axis) takes longer than it does for the planet to orbit the Sun!

8. Cleopatra’s Timeline:
Did you know Cleopatra lived closer in time to the Moon landing in 1969 than to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza? History can be truly mind-bending.

9. More Stars Than Sand:
Astronomers estimate that there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches of Earth—a humbling thought about the vastness of our cosmos.

10. Lightning is Extremely Hot:
A bolt of lightning can heat the surrounding air to temperatures five times hotter than the surface of the Sun, even if only for a split second!

Conclusion:
I hope these fascinating facts have sparked your curiosity and reminded you just how incredible our world is. If you enjoyed this post, be sure to share it with friends and subscribe for more intriguing content. Stay curious and keep exploring!

Monday, 3 February 2025

Key question Related to Indian Union Budget 2025

The Indian Union Budget for the fin year 2025-26 was presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 01, 2025. This budget introduces several key measures aimed at stimulating economic growth, providing tax reliefs to the middle class and supporting various sectors of the economy. Key question Related to Indian Union Budget 2025 provided below. 



Q1. What is the total expenditure outlined in the Union Budget 2025-26?

(a) ₹39,44,255 crore
(b) ₹50,65,345 crore
(c) ₹34,20,409 crore
(d) ₹11,21,090 crore
(e) ₹15,48,282 crore

Q2. Which of the following is the largest source of government revenue as per Budget 2025-26?
(a) Corporation Tax
(b) Income Tax
(c) Borrowings & Other Liabilities
(d) GST & Other Taxes
(e) Customs Duty

Q3. What is the targeted fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP for 2025-26?
(a) 1.5%
(b) 0.3%
(c) 0.8%
(d) 4.4%
(e) 3.2%

Q4. What is the allocation for Defence in the 2025-26 budget?
(a) ₹4,91,732 crore
(b) ₹6,81,210.27 crore
(c) ₹2,33,210.68 crore
(d) ₹2,87,333.16 crore
(e) ₹2,55,445.18 crore

Q5. Which ministry received the highest budget allocation for 2025-26?
(a) Ministry of Defence
(b) Ministry of Railways
(c) Ministry of Finance
(d) Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
(e) Ministry of Home Affairs

Q6. What is the allocation for PM-KISAN scheme in the budget?
(a) ₹86,000 crore
(b) ₹74,626 crore
(c) ₹67,000 crore
(d) ₹63,500 crore
(e) ₹41,250 crore

Q7. What percentage of the government’s revenue comes from Income Tax?
(a) 17%
(b) 22%
(c) 18%
(d) 24%
(e) 20%

Q8. What is the total Revenue Receipts projected in the budget?
(a) ₹28,37,409 crore
(b) ₹34,20,409 crore
(c) ₹583,000 crore
(d) ₹16,44,936 crore
(e) ₹50,65,345 crore

Q9. What is the allocation for the Education sector in 2025-26?
(a) ₹98,311 crore
(b) ₹96,777 crore
(c) ₹1,28,650 crore
(d) ₹2,66,817 crore
(e) ₹5,48,649 crore

Q10. Which of the following represents the Revenue Deficit as a percentage of GDP?
(a) 4.4%
(b) 1.5%
(c) 0.3%
(d) 0.8%
(e) 2.0%

Q11. What is the allocation for the Urban Challenge Fund in the budget?
(a) ₹1.5 lakh crore
(b) ₹1 lakh crore
(c) ₹2 lakh crore
(d) ₹50,000 crore
(e) ₹75,000 crore

Q12. What is the total allocation for Transport Infrastructure in the budget?
(a) ₹2,87,333.16 crore
(b) ₹2,55,445.18 crore
(c) ₹5,48,649 crore
(d) ₹4,91,732 crore
(e) ₹3,74,725 crore

Q13. What percentage of government expenditure goes to Interest Payments?
(a) 16%
(b) 18%
(c) 20%
(d) 22%
(e) 24%

Q14. What is the allocation for Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in the budget?
(a) ₹63,500 crore
(b) ₹74,626 crore
(c) ₹86,000 crore
(d) ₹67,000 crore
(e) ₹41,250 crore

Q15. What is the amount allocated for State Share of Taxes & Duties as a percentage of total expenditure?
(a) 18%
(b) 20%
(c) 22%
(d) 24%
(e) 26%

Q16. How much is allocated for the Jal Jeevan Mission in the budget?
(a) ₹86,000 crore
(b) ₹67,000 crore
(c) ₹74,626 crore
(d) ₹63,500 crore
(e) ₹19,000 crore

Q17. What is the total allocation for Major Subsidies (Food, Fertilizer, Petroleum) as a percentage of expenditure?
(a) 4%
(b) 6%
(c) 8%
(d) 10%
(e) 12%

Q18. What is the allocation for the Ministry of Science & Technology?
(a) ₹26,026.25 crore
(b) ₹38,613.32 crore
(c) ₹13,416.20 crore
(d) ₹18,446.05 crore
(e) ₹20,516.61 crore

Q19. What is the total Capital Receipts (including borrowings) in the budget?
(a) ₹34,20,409 crore
(b) ₹28,37,409 crore
(c) ₹16,44,936 crore
(d) ₹583,000 crore
(e) ₹50,65,345 crore

Q20. What is the allocation for PM Awas Yojana (Grameen & Urban)?
(a) ₹86,000 crore
(b) ₹74,626 crore
(c) ₹67,000 crore
(d) ₹63,500 crore
(e) ₹41,250 crore

Q21. What is the allocation for the Department of Space?
(a) ₹13,416.20 crore
(b) ₹26,026.25 crore
(c) ₹38,613.32 crore
(d) ₹18,446.05 crore
(e) ₹20,516.61 crore

Q22. What is the total market borrowings projected in the budget?
(a) ₹11,53,834 crore
(b) ₹343,382 crore
(c) ₹23,490 crore
(d) ₹2,92,598 crore
(e) ₹5,23,846 crore

Q23. What percentage of revenue comes from Corporation Tax?
(a) 15%
(b) 17%
(c) 19%
(d) 21%
(e) 23%

Q24. What is the allocation for healthcare in the budget?
(a) ₹96,777 crore
(b) ₹98,311 crore
(c) ₹1,28,650 crore
(d) ₹2,66,817 crore
(e) ₹5,48,649 crore

Q25. What is the total transfer to States & UTs in the budget?
(a) ₹14,22,444 crore
(b) ₹25,01,284 crore
(c) ₹1,32,767 crore
(d) ₹541,850 crore
(e) ₹3,74,725 crore

Q26. What is the Primary Deficit as a percentage of GDP in the budget?
(a) 4.4%
(b) 1.5%
(c) 0.3%
(d) 0.8%
(e) 2.0%

Q27. What is the allocation for POSHAN 2.0 (Nutrition Mission)?
(a) ₹9,406 crore
(b) ₹21,960 crore
(c) ₹9,652 crore
(d) ₹13,560 crore
(e) ₹7,500 crore

Q28. What is the total allocation for the Ministry of Home Affairs?
(a) ₹2,33,210.68 crore
(b) ₹2,55,445.18 crore
(c) ₹2,87,333.16 crore
(d) ₹1,90,405.53 crore
(e) ₹1,61,965.21 crore

Q29. What percentage of the government’s revenue comes from Non-Tax Receipts?
(a) 5%
(b) 7%
(c) 9%
(d) 11%
(e) 13%

Q30. What is the allocation for PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI)?
(a) ₹13,560 crore
(b) ₹9,406 crore
(c) ₹7,500 crore
(d) ₹21,960 crore
(e) ₹9,652 crore

Q31. What is the total allocation for Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes?
(a) ₹2,445 crore
(b) ₹19,000 crore
(c) ₹9,406 crore
(d) ₹7,500 crore
(e) ₹13,560 crore

Q32. What is the budget allocation for the Ministry of Electronics & IT?
(a) ₹38,613.32 crore
(b) ₹26,026.25 crore
(c) ₹18,446.05 crore
(d) ₹13,416.20 crore
(e) ₹20,516.61 crore

Q33. What is the allocation for food subsidies in the budget?
(a) ₹167,887 crore
(b) ₹203,420 crore
(c) ₹12,100 crore
(d) ₹2,76,618 crore
(e) ₹1,28,650 crore

Q34. What is the total allocation for Samagra Shiksha?
(a) ₹7,500 crore
(b) ₹41,250 crore
(c) ₹13,560 crore
(d) ₹9,406 crore
(e) ₹21,960 crore

Q35. What is the budget allocation for the Ministry of Women & Child Development?
(a) ₹20,516.61 crore
(b) ₹26,889.69 crore
(c) ₹18,446.05 crore
(d) ₹13,416.20 crore
(e) ₹38,613.32 crore

Q36. What is the total allocation for PM Gram Sadak Yojana?
(a) ₹67,000 crore
(b) ₹19,000 crore
(c) ₹13,560 crore
(d) ₹9,406 crore
(e) ₹21,960 crore

Q37. What is the allocation for Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY?
(a) ₹21,960 crore
(b) ₹13,560 crore
(c) ₹9,406 crore
(d) ₹7,500 crore
(e) ₹19,000 crore

Q38. What is the total allocation for Social Assistance Programs?
(a) ₹7,500 crore
(b) ₹9,652 crore
(c) ₹13,560 crore
(d) ₹21,960 crore
(e) ₹9,406 crore

Q39. What is the allocation for the Ministry of Power?
(a) ₹21,847.00 crore
(b) ₹26,026.25 crore
(c) ₹18,446.05 crore
(d) ₹13,416.20 crore
(e) ₹20,516.61 crore

Q40. What is the budget allocation for the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways?
(a) ₹5,850.37 crore
(b) ₹3,470.58 crore
(c) ₹13,416.20 crore
(d) ₹20,516.61 crore
(e) ₹18,446.05 crore

Q41. What is the allocation for the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare?
(a) ₹1,37,756.55 crore
(b) ₹1,61,965.21 crore
(c) ₹1,90,405.53 crore
(d) ₹99,858.56 crore
(e) ₹96,777.00 crore

Q42. What is the total fertilizer subsidy allocation in the budget?
(a) ₹203,420 crore
(b) ₹167,887 crore
(c) ₹12,100 crore
(d) ₹86,000 crore
(e) ₹63,500 crore

Q43. What is the Effective Revenue Deficit as a percentage of GDP?
(a) 4.4%
(b) 1.5%
(c) 0.3%
(d) 0.8%
(e) 2.0%

Q44. What percentage of expenditure is allocated to Central Sector Schemes (excluding Defence & Major Subsidies)?
(a) 12%
(b) 14%
(c) 16%
(d) 18%
(e) 20%

Q45. What is the allocation for Skill Development & Apprenticeships?
(a) ₹7,500 crore
(b) ₹13,560 crore
(c) ₹9,406 crore
(d) ₹21,960 crore
(e) ₹41,250 crore

Q46. What is the total allocation for the Ministry of External Affairs?
(a) ₹5,850.37 crore
(b) ₹20,516.61 crore
(c) ₹18,446.05 crore
(d) ₹26,026.25 crore
(e) ₹13,416.20 crore

Q47. What percentage of revenue comes from Customs Duty?
(a) 2%
(b) 3%
(c) 4%
(d) 5%
(e) 6%

Q48. What is the total allocation for the Ministry of Law & Justice?
(a) ₹5,850.37 crore
(b) ₹3,470.58 crore
(c) ₹13,416.20 crore
(d) ₹20,516.61 crore
(e) ₹18,446.05 crore

Q49. What is the allocation for petroleum subsidies?
(a) ₹203,420 crore
(b) ₹167,887 crore
(c) ₹12,100 crore
(d) ₹86,000 crore
(e) ₹63,500 crore

Q50. What is the total Finance Commission & Other Transfers as a percentage of expenditure?
(a) 6%
(b) 8%
(c) 10%
(d) 12%
(e) 14%

Q51. What is the allocation for the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare?
(a) ₹99,858.56 crore
(b) ₹96,777.00 crore
(c) ₹1,28,650.05 crore
(d) ₹26,889.69 crore
(e) ₹38,613.32 crore

Q52. What is the total allocation for Securities against Small Savings?
(a) ₹11,53,834 crore
(b) ₹343,382 crore
(c) ₹23,490 crore
(d) ₹2,92,598 crore
(e) ₹5,23,846 crore

Q53. What percentage of government expenditure goes to Pensions?
(a) 2%
(b) 4%
(c) 6%
(d) 8%
(e) 10%

Q54. What is the total allocation for State Devolution?
(a) ₹14,22,444 crore
(b) ₹1,32,767 crore
(c) ₹541,850 crore
(d) ₹3,74,725 crore
(e) ₹25,01,284 crore

Q55. What is the budget allocation for the Ministry of Rural Development?
(a) ₹1,90,405.53 crore
(b) ₹1,61,965.21 crore
(c) ₹1,37,756.55 crore
(d) ₹99,858.56 crore
(e) ₹96,777.00 crore

Q56. What is the allocation for the Ministry of Commerce & Industry?
(a) ₹18,446.05 crore
(b) ₹26,026.25 crore
(c) ₹20,516.61 crore
(d) ₹13,416.20 crore
(e) ₹38,613.32 crore

Q57. What is the total External Debt allocation in the budget?
(a) ₹11,53,834 crore
(b) ₹343,382 crore
(c) ₹23,490 crore
(d) ₹2,92,598 crore
(e) ₹5,23,846 crore

Q58. What percentage of revenue comes from Union Excise Duties?
(a) 3%
(b) 4%
(c) 5%
(d) 6%
(e) 7%

Q59. What is the allocation for Finance Commission Grants?
(a) ₹14,22,444 crore
(b) ₹1,32,767 crore
(c) ₹541,850 crore
(d) ₹3,74,725 crore
(e) ₹25,01,284 crore

Q60. What is the total Effective Capital Expenditure in the budget?
(a) ₹11,21,090 crore
(b) ₹15,48,282 crore
(c) ₹39,44,255 crore
(d) ₹50,65,345 crore
(e) ₹34,20,409 crore

Q61. What is the allocation for the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers?
(a) ₹1,61,965.21 crore
(b) ₹1,37,756.55 crore
(c) ₹99,858.56 crore
(d) ₹96,777.00 crore
(e) ₹1,90,405.53 crore

Q62. What percentage of revenue comes from Non-Debt Capital Receipts?
(a) 1%
(b) 2%
(c) 3%
(d) 4%
(e) 5%

Q63. What is the total allocation for Centrally Sponsored Schemes as a percentage of expenditure?
(a) 6%
(b) 8%
(c) 10%
(d) 12%
(e) 14%

Q64. What is the allocation for Non-Tax Revenue in the budget?
(a) ₹28,37,409 crore
(b) ₹583,000 crore
(c) ₹16,44,936 crore
(d) ₹34,20,409 crore
(e) ₹50,65,345 crore

Q65. What is the total allocation for Other Grants & Loans to States?
(a) ₹14,22,444 crore
(b) ₹1,32,767 crore
(c) ₹541,850 crore
(d) ₹3,74,725 crore
(e) ₹25,01,284 crore

Solutions:

Solutions:
S1. Ans.(b)
Sol. The total expenditure outlined in the Union Budget 2025-26 is ₹50,65,345 crore, which includes both revenue and capital expenditure.

S2. Ans.(c)
Sol. Borrowings & Other Liabilities account for 24% of the government’s revenue, which is the largest source among all categories mentioned.

S3. Ans.(d)
Sol. The fiscal deficit target for 2025-26 is set at 4.4% of GDP, amounting to ₹1,56,89,36 crore.

S4. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Defence allocation in the budget is ₹4,91,732 crore under sector-wise allocation.

S5. Ans.(c)
Sol. The Ministry of Finance received the highest allocation of ₹19,39,001.26 crore among all ministries.

S6. Ans.(d)
Sol. The PM-KISAN scheme has been allocated ₹63,500 crore in the budget under Agriculture & Rural Development schemes.

S7. Ans.(b)
Sol. Income Tax (including Securities Transaction Tax) contributes 22% to the government’s revenue.

S8. Ans.(b)
Sol. The total Revenue Receipts projected in the budget is ₹34,20,409 crore.

S9. Ans.(c)
Sol. The Education sector has been allocated ₹1,28,650 crore in the 2025-26 budget.

S10. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Revenue Deficit is projected at 1.5% of GDP for 2025-26.

S11. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Urban Challenge Fund allocates ₹1 lakh crore for redeveloping cities and water management.

S12. Ans.(c)
Sol. The total allocation for Transport Infrastructure in the budget is ₹5,48,649 crore.

S13. Ans.(c)
Sol. Interest Payments account for 20% of the government’s total expenditure.

S14. Ans.(c)
Sol. The allocation for Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in the budget is ₹86,000 crore under Agriculture & Rural Development schemes.

S15. Ans.(c)
Sol. State Share of Taxes & Duties accounts for 22% of the total expenditure.

S16. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Jal Jeevan Mission has been allocated ₹67,000 crore in the budget.

S17. Ans.(b)
Sol. Major Subsidies account for 6% of the total expenditure in the budget.

S18. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Ministry of Science & Technology has been allocated ₹38,613.32 crore.

S19. Ans.(c)
Sol. The total Capital Receipts (including borrowings) in the budget is ₹16,44,936 crore.

S20. Ans.(b)
Sol. PM Awas Yojana (Grameen & Urban) has been allocated ₹74,626 crore.

S21. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Department of Space has been allocated ₹13,416.20 crore.

S22. Ans.(a)
Sol. The total market borrowings projected in the budget are ₹11,53,834 crore.

S23. Ans.(b)
Sol. Corporation Tax contributes 17% to the government’s revenue.

S24. Ans.(b)
Sol. The healthcare sector has been allocated ₹98,311 crore in the budget.

S25. Ans.(b)
Sol. The total transfer to States & UTs is ₹25,01,284 crore.

S26. Ans.(d)
Sol. The Primary Deficit is projected at 0.8% of GDP in the budget.

S27. Ans.(b)
Sol. POSHAN 2.0 (Nutrition Mission) has been allocated ₹21,960 crore.

S28. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Home Affairs has been allocated ₹2,33,210.68 crore.

S29. Ans.(c)
Sol. Non-Tax Receipts contribute 9% to the government’s revenue.

S30. Ans.(c)
Sol. PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI) has been allocated ₹7,500 crore.

S31. Ans.(a)
Sol. Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes have been allocated ₹2,445 crore.

S32. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Ministry of Electronics & IT has been allocated ₹26,026.25 crore.

S33. Ans.(b)
Sol. Food subsidies have been allocated ₹203,420 crore in the budget.

S34. Ans.(b)
Sol. Samagra Shiksha has been allocated ₹41,250 crore.

S35. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Ministry of Women & Child Development has been allocated ₹26,889.69 crore.

S36. Ans.(b)
Sol. PM Gram Sadak Yojana has been allocated ₹19,000 crore.

S37. Ans.(c)
Sol. Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY has been allocated ₹9,406 crore.

S38. Ans.(b)
Sol. Social Assistance Programs have been allocated ₹9,652 crore.

S39. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Power has been allocated ₹21,847.00 crore.

S40. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways has been allocated ₹3,470.58 crore.

S41. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare has been allocated ₹1,37,756.55 crore.

S42. Ans.(b)
Sol. The fertilizer subsidy allocation in the budget is ₹167,887 crore.

S43. Ans.(c)
Sol. The Effective Revenue Deficit is projected at 0.3% of GDP.

S44. Ans.(c)
Sol. Central Sector Schemes (excluding Defence & Major Subsidies) account for 16% of total expenditure.

S45. Ans.(b)
Sol. Skill Development & Apprenticeships has been allocated ₹13,560 crore.

S46. Ans.(b)
Sol. The Ministry of External Affairs has been allocated ₹20,516.61 crore.

S47. Ans.(c)
Sol. Customs Duty contributes 4% to the government’s revenue.

S48. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Law & Justice has been allocated ₹5,850.37 crore.

S49. Ans.(c)
Sol. Petroleum subsidies have been allocated ₹12,100 crore.

S50. Ans.(b)
Sol. Finance Commission & Other Transfers account for 8% of total expenditure.

S51. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has been allocated ₹99,858.56 crore.

S52. Ans.(b)
Sol. The total allocation for Securities against Small Savings is ₹343,382 crore.

S53. Ans.(b)
Sol. Pensions account for 4% of total government expenditure.

S54. Ans.(a)
Sol. The total allocation for State Devolution is ₹14,22,444 crore.

S55. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Rural Development has been allocated ₹1,90,405.53 crore.

S56. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Commerce & Industry has been allocated ₹18,446.05 crore.

S57. Ans.(c)
Sol. The total External Debt allocation in the budget is ₹23,490 crore.

S58. Ans.(c)
Sol. Union Excise Duties contribute 5% to the government’s revenue.

S59. Ans.(b)
Sol. Finance Commission Grants have been allocated ₹1,32,767 crore.

S60. Ans.(b)
Sol. The total Effective Capital Expenditure in the budget is ₹15,48,282 crore.

S61. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers has been allocated ₹1,61,965.21 crore.

S62. Ans.(a)
Sol. Non-Debt Capital Receipts contribute 1% to the government’s revenue.

S63. Ans.(b)
Sol. Centrally Sponsored Schemes account for 8% of total expenditure.

S64. Ans.(b)
Sol. Non-Tax Revenue has been allocated ₹583,000 crore in the budget.

S65. Ans.(d)
Sol. Other Grants & Loans to States have been allocated ₹3,74,725 crore.